AMATEKA YA BRICS: Ihuriro ry’ibihugu 11 rihanganye n’uburemere bwa G7

Harabura amasaha abarirwa ku ntoki ngo Abayobozi ba BRICS bateranire i New Delhi mu Buhinde kuri uyu wa Gatandatu taliki ya 12 no ku cyumweru taliki 13 Nzeri 2026, mu nama izibanda ku bukungu n’ubucuruzi, mu gihe iri huriro ry’ibihugu 11 rikomeje kongera imbaraga no kuvuga rikijyana ku rwego rw’Isi.

BRICS ni ihuriro rihuza ibihugu bikomeye mu bukungu bw’ibihugu bikiri gutera imbere. Intego yaryo ni ugukomeza ubufatanye mu bukungu, ubucuruzi, ishoramari ndetse no kugira ijwi rikomeye mu miyoborere y’ubukungu bw’Isi.

Amateka ya BRICS atangirira kuri Jim O’Neill,umushoramari akaba n’impuguke m’ubukungu  wakoraga muri Goldman Sachs, ikigo gikomeye cyo muri Amerika gikora mu bijyanye n’ishoramari, serivisi z’imari n’ubushakashatsi ku bukungu.

Mu 2001, O’Neill yakoze ubushakashatsi kuri Brazil, Russia, India na China. Yabonaga ko ibyo bihugu byari bifite abaturage benshi, amasoko manini n’ubukungu bwari kugenda bukura cyane.

Yahuje inyuguti zitangira amazina yabyo, akora ijambo BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India na China. Goldman Sachs yasohoye ubwo bushakashatsi mu 2001, kandi O’Neill ni we wanditse urwo rupapuro rw’ubushakashatsi.

Icyo gihe BRIC ntabwo yari ihuriro ry’ibihugu. Yari izina ryakoreshejwe mu kugaragaza ibihugu O’Neill yabonaga ko bizagira uruhare rukomeye mu bukungu bw’Isi mu myaka yakurikiyeho.

Nyuma y’imyaka mike, igitekerezo cya O’Neill cyatangiye gufatwa nk’ikintu gifatika.

Mu 2006, Brazil, Russia, India na China byatangiye gukorana nk’itsinda. Mu 2009, abakuru b’ibyo bihugu bakoze inama yabo ya mbere i Yekaterinburg mu Burusiya. Icyo gihe ni bwo BRIC yatangiye kugaragara nk’ihuriro rya politiki n’ubukungu.

Mu 2010, South Africa yinjiyemo, maze BRIC ihinduka BRICS, inyuguti “S” ihagarariye South Africa.

Ni ngombwa rero gutandukanya ibintu bibiri: Jim O’Neill ni we watangije igitekerezo cya BRIC mu 2001, ariko BRICS nk’ihuriro ry’ibihugu yashyizweho n’ibihugu biyigize ubwabyo.

Mu ntangiriro, BRICS yari ihuriro ridafite ibiro bikuru bihoraho cyangwa umuyobozi uhora kuri uwo mwanya.

Ariko nyuma yatangiye gushyiraho inzego zifasha ibihugu biyigize.

Muri izo nzego harimo New Development Bank, banki y’iterambere yashyizweho na BRICS igamije gutera inkunga imishinga nk’imihanda, amashanyarazi, amazi n’indi mishinga y’iterambere.

Iyi banki ifite icyicaro i Shanghai mu Bushinwa.

BRICS kandi yashyizeho gahunda y’imari ishobora gufasha ibihugu byayo mu gihe byaba bihuye n’ibibazo by’amafaranga.

Ibi byatumye BRICS itaba ihuriro ry’ibihugu rihurira mu nama gusa, ahubwo itangira kugira n’ibikoresho by’imari byayo.

Kuki BRICS yagiye ikura?

Kimwe mu bintu byatumye BRICS ikomeza gukura ni uko ibihugu byinshi by’ibihugu bikiri gutera imbere byabonaga ko bishobora kubona andi mahitamo mu bucuruzi n’imari mpuzamahanga.

BRICS kandi ishaka ko ibihugu bikiri gutera imbere bigira ijwi rinini mu bigo mpuzamahanga by’imari, birimo IMF na World Bank.

Hari kandi ubufatanye mu gukoresha amafaranga y’ibihugu mu bucuruzi, aho kugendera cyane ku madorari ya Amerika. Ibi ntibivuze ko BRICS ifite ifaranga rimwe cyangwa ko yamaze gusimbuza amadorari. Nyuma BRICS yakomeje kwakira ibindi bihugu.

Mu 2024, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran na United Arab Emirates byinjiye muri iri huriro, naho Indonesia iba umunyamuryango wuzuye mu 2025. Ubu BRICS ifite ibihugu 11: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates na Indonesia.

Hari kandi ibihugu bifite status y’abafatanyabikorwa. Muri byo harimo Nigeria, Uganda, Malaysia, Vietnam, Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Thailand na Uzbekistan.

Ibi byatumye BRICS igera mu bice byinshi by’Isi, harimo Afurika, Aziya, Amerika y’Epfo n’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati.

BRICS na G7

Iyo BRICS igereranyijwe na G7, usanga ayo matsinda atandukanye.

G7 igizwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy na Japan. Ibi ni bimwe mu bihugu bikize kandi byateye imbere cyane ku Isi.

BRICS yo igizwe ahanini n’ibihugu bifite ubukungu bukomeye buri kuzamuka.

Ku bijyanye n’abaturage, BRICS irusha cyane G7. Ibihugu bya BRICS bihagarariye hafi 49% by’abatuye Isi, mu gihe G7 ihagarariye hafi 10%. Banki Nkuru ya Brazil ivuga kandi ko BRICS ihagarariye hafi 39% by’ubukungu bw’Isi iyo harebwe GDP, mu gihe imibare ishobora gutandukana bitewe n’uburyo ubukungu bupimwamo.

Ibi bituma BRICS iba ihuriro rifite uburemere bukomeye cyane ku rwego rw’Isi.

Ariko G7 nayo iracyafite imbaraga zikomeye. Ibihugu biyigize bifite uruhare runini mu masoko y’imari, ikoranabuhanga, ubucuruzi n’inzego mpuzamahanga.

Ese BRICS ishaka gusimbura G7?

BRICS ntabwo ivuga ko igomba gusimbura G7. Ahubwo ishaka ko ibihugu bikiri gutera imbere bigira uruhare runini mu gufata ibyemezo ku rwego rw’Isi.

Ni na yo mpamvu BRICS ikunze kuvuga ku Isi igizwe n’ibihugu byinshi bifite ijambo, aho ububasha budashingira ku gihugu cyangwa itsinda rito ry’ibihugu.

Kugeza ubu, BRICS nta faranga rimwe ifite, nta gisirikare ihuza kandi nta masezerano ayigira umuryango ukomeye nk’uko bimeze ku yindi miryango mpuzamahanga. Ibyemezo byayo bifatwa ku bwumvikane bw’abanyamuryango.

Mu myaka irenga 25, BRICS yavuye ku gitekerezo cya Jim O’Neill cyo mu 2001, iba ihuriro ry’ibihugu 11 rifite uruhare rukomeye mu bukungu bw’Isi. Ubu ibihugu biyigize bihagarariye hafi 49% by’abatuye Isi, mu gihe G7 ihagarariye hafi 10%. Ibi bigaragaza ko BRICS imaze kubaka imbaraga zikomeye mu bukungu bw’Isi, nubwo G7 ikomeje kugira uruhare runini mu mari, ikoranabuhanga n’inzego mpuzamahanga. Ikibazo gisigaye ni ukureba niba BRICS izakomeza kwaguka no guhindura imiterere y’ubukungu bw’Isi mu myaka iri imbere.

NDAGIJIMANA Gilbert/Radio Salus