Akagera: Uko pariki yagaruye intare, inkura n'andi moko yari yarazimiye mu Rwanda

Mu myaka yo hambere, Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera yahuye n'ingaruka z'ubuhigi butemewe n'iyangirika ry'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, bituma amoko amwe y'inyamaswa agenda azimira. Icyakora, gahunda zo kubungabunga ibidukikije no kongera kwinjiza amoko yari yarabuze yatumye iyi pariki yongera kuba ubuhungiro bw'inyamaswa zirimo intare, ingwe, inzovu, inkura n'imbogo.

Pariki y'Akagera iherereye mu Burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda, ni yo pariki nini y'ibishanga bikingiwe muri Afurika yo Hagati, ikaba ari n'ubuhungiro bw'ingenzi bw'inyamaswa zo mu bibaya n'ibishanga.

Nk'uko bigaragazwa n'amakuru yatangajwe na Pariki y'Akagera ku bikorwa byo kubungabunga ibinyabuzima, imwe mu ntsinzi zikomeye yagezweho ni ukugarura intare zari zarazimye muri iyi pariki mu myaka ya za 1990. Mu 2015 no mu 2017, hongeye kwinjizwa intare zatangiye kororoka, bituma umubare wazo ugenda wiyongera.

Aya makuru agaragaza kandi ko inzovu zari zaragabanutse cyane kubera ubuhigi butemewe, ariko mu 1975 hasubizwamo inzovu 26, ziba umusingi w'ubwiyongere bwazo kugeza ubu.

Mu 2017, u Rwanda rwongeye kwakira inkura z'umukara 18 nyuma y'imyaka 10 zitakigaragara muri Akagera. Mu 2019 hongerwamo izindi eshanu hagamijwe kongera ubudasa bw'uturemangingo (genetic diversity). Mu 2021 hakurikiyeho kwinjizwa kw'inkura z'umweru 30, mbere y'uko muri Kamena 2025 hongerwamo izindi 70.

Uretse kugarura amoko yari yarazimiye, Pariki y'Akagera ikomeje gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukurikirana inyamaswa n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima.

Nk'uko bigaragara muri raporo ya Pariki y'Akagera yo mu gihembwe cya Nyakanga kugeza muri Nzeri 2026, ubushakashatsi bukoresha camera traps bwafashe amafoto arenga miliyoni eshatu y'inyamaswa nyuma yo gushyira kamera 85 ahantu 57 hatandukanye muri pariki. Aya makuru ari gusesengurwa kugira ngo afashe kumenya umubare w'ingwe, impyisi n'uko izindi nyamaswa zikomeje kubaho.

Raporo kandi igaragaza ko ibikorwa byo gukurikirana inkura byatanze inyandiko z'inkura z'umweru inshuro 2,517 n'inkura z'umukara inshuro 413 muri icyo gihembwe. Yanagaragaje ko ububiko bw'amakuru y'inzovu (Elephant Identification Database) bumaze kumenyamo inzovu 121, zingana na 85.2% by'umubare uzwi w'inzovu ziri muri pariki.

Mu rwego rwo gukomeza kurinda ibinyabuzima, raporo ya Pariki y'Akagera ivuga ko abarinzi ba pariki bakoze amarondo 1,608 mu mezi atatu, bagenda intera ya kilometero 37,694. Muri ayo marondo hafashwe ibikoresho byifashishwaga mu bikorwa bitemewe birimo inshundura, amato, imitego, imiheto n'amacumu.

Pariki ivuga kandi ko kuva mu 2010 nta nzovu, nta nkura ndetse nta ntare byigeze bihitanwa n'ubuhigi muri Akagera, ibintu yashingiye ku bufatanye n'abaturage ndetse n'ingamba zikomeje gufatwa zo kurwanya ubuhigi.

Kugaruka kw'amoko menshi y'inyamaswa muri Pariki y'Akagera bigaragaza uruhare rw'ishoramari mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, ubushakashatsi n'ikoranabuhanga mu gusubiza ubuzima mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Mu gihe isi ikomeje guhangana n'igabanuka ry'amoko menshi y'inyamaswa, Akagera ikomeje kwiyerekana nk'urugero rw'uko ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije bishobora gutanga umusaruro urambye.

KWIZERA Fiston/Radio Salus